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RF Cables
A
Abrasion resistance
The ability of a material to resist surface wear or damage by mechanical means.
Aging Stability Test
A test to determine the flexibility of a cable after temperature cycling.
American Wire Gauge (AWG)
A standard for describing the size of a wire. The gauge varies inversely with the actual wire diameter. The change of 3 AWG numbers doubles or halves the conductivity and halves the weight of a copper wire.
Aramidyarn
Trademark for carbon fibre yarn, which is formed into thin fibers and twisted and plied into yarns. It is used as protective braiding for cables. Normally saturated with silicone-base varnish to seal against moisture. Aramidyarn is very flame and abrasion resistant.
Armour
A protective covering normally applied over a jacket. Usually constructed with helically wrapped steel tapes or wires, or a steel wire braid.
Attenuation (α)
The decrease of a signalwith the distance in the direction of propagation. Attenuation may be expressed as the scalar ratio of the input magnitude to the output magnitude,
or as the ratio of the input signal voltage o the output signal voltage.
U1 = Input signal voltage at the cable entry
U2 = Output signal voltage at the cable outlet
Attenuation Stability
The change in attenuation of a coaxial cable after being subjected to specified temperature cycles and mechanical deformations.
B
Bandwidth
The range of frequencies for which performance falls within specified limits.
Bending Radius
Minimum static: The minimum permissible radius for fixed installation of the cable. This radius is used in climatic tests.
Minimum dynamic: The minimum permissible radius for flexible applications of the cable.
BIT
An abbreviation of binary digit; smallest unit of information and basic unit in digital data communications. A bit can have a zero or a one value (a mark or a space in data communications terminology).
BNC (Bayonet Navy Connector)
Coaxial connector with bayonet coupling mechanism. Available in 50Ohm and 75 Ohmversions. Frequency range DC - 4 GHz (50 Ohm) and 1 GHz (75 Ohm), respectively.
BNO
Connector with bayonet coupling mechanism suitable for shielded balanced twin cables.
BNT
Connector with bayonet coupling mechanism suitable for triaxial cables.
Braid
Woven wire used as shielding for insulated wires and cables. Also, a woven fibrous protective outer covering over a conductor or cable.
Braid Angle
The angle between the axis of the cable and the axis of any one member or strand of the braid (also known as angle of advance).
Breakdown Voltage
The voltage at which a disruptive discharge takes place through or over the surface of the insulation.
Bunch Stranded Conductor
All strands having a random position within the conductor. No distinct layers are formed.
C
Cable Assembly
A combination of cable and connectors with specified performance, used as a single unit.
Capacitance (C)
The ability of a dielectric material between two conductors to store electric energy. For coaxial cables, the capacitance per meter is:
Cellular Polyethylene (SPE)
Polyethylene with homogeniously distributed individual gas cells included (foam). Used primarily as a dielectric material and has an extremely low dielectric constant and power factor. Limited to operation below + 70°C.
Coaxial cable
Cold Bend Test
A test of the cable to withstand flexing at low temperature.
Cold Flow
Relaxation of a built-in stress by slow deformation of the material at room temperature. Found in PTFE compounds in particular.
Concentric Stranding
A construction where the components are laid helically around a circular core to form layers. Consecutive layers have alternating direction of lay.
Conductivity
A measure of the ability of a material to conduct electric current under a given electric field. Resistivity is the reciprocal of conductivity.
Copolymer
A compound resulting from the chemical reaction of two or more chemically different monomers with each other.
Corona
A luminous discharge due to ionization of the air surrounding a conductor caused by a voltage gradient exceeding a certain critical value.
Coverage
A calculated percentage which defines the completeness with which a braid or shield covers the surface of the underlying component.
Crimp
Act of compressing (deforming) a connector barrel around a cable in order to make an electrical connection. For more detailed description refer to our connector general catalogue.
Crosslinking
The generation of chemical links between the molecular chains, usually achieved by chemical reactions or high energy irradiation of the material.
Cross talk
Signal interference between adjacent conductors caused by the pickup of stray energy.
Cutoff frequency (fG)
The frequency, above which other than the TEM00 mode may occur alog the RF cable. The transmission characteristics of cables above their cutoff frequency may be unstable due to the different propagation velocity of the different streches of way of the signal.
D
dBm
Absolute measure of signal power where 0 dBm is equal to one milliwatt. See also decibel.
Decibel, dB
A relative, dimensionless unit calculated as ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of a power ratio.
Delay Line
A cable that delays electrical signals by a specified amount of time.
Dielectric
In a coaxial cable, the insulation between inner and outer conductor. It significantly influences the electrical characteristics such as impedance, capacitance, and velocity of propagation.
Dielectric constant (Permittivity)
Basic electrical property of a material that describes its behaviour in an electric field. The dielectric constant of the dielectric is the most important design parameter for coaxial cables and determines dimensions, losses and propagation characteristics.
Dielectric Loss
In a coaxial cable, the losses caused by the transformation of electromagnetic energy into heat within the dielectric material.
Dielectric Loss Factor (Dielectric Loss Index)
A measure of the loss characteristics of a dielectric material.
Dielectric Strength
The voltage which an insulating material can withstand before electrical breakdown occurs.
DIN 7/16
50Ω coaxial connector with screwtype couplingmechanism. Suitable for medium to high power applications. Frequency range DC - 7.5 GHz.
Dissipation Factor (loss tangent, tan δ)
See Dielectric Loss Factor.
E
Eccentricity
A measure of a conductor's location with respect to the circular cross section of the insulation. Expressed as a percentage of center displacement of one circle within the other.
Elastomer
A material which at room temperature stretches under stress to at least twice its length and snaps back to original length upon release of stress.
Electric Strength (Dielectric Strength)
See dielectric strength.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
EMC describes the ability of an electrical system to avoid electromagnetic interference with the environment.
Elongation
The fractional increase in length of a material under tension.
Eccentricity
A measure of a conductor's location with respect to the circular cross section of the insulation. Expressed as a percentage of center displacement of one circle within the other.
Elastomer
A material which at room temperature stretches under stress to at least twice its length and snaps back to original length upon release of stress.
Electric Strength (Dielectric Strength)
See dielectric strength.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
EMC describes the ability of an electrical system to avoid electromagnetic interference with the environment.
Elongation
The fractional increase in length of a material under tension.
F
Farad
Unit of capacitance. It indicates the charge per potential difference:
FEP (Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene)
FEP is similar to PTFE but is easier to process. Heat resistance and chemical inertness are outstanding.
Fibre Optic Cable
Glass filament cable for the transmission of signals in the form of light. For more details refer to our fibre optic catalogue.
Filler
Material used as dummies to achieve circular cross section.
Flame Resistance
Property of a material to cease combustion once the heating flame is removed.
Flammability
Property of a material to support combustion.
Flex Life
Number of cycles a cable can withstand before failure when bent around a specific radius.
H
Heat shock
Test to determine the stability of a material when exposed to a sudden high temperature for a short period of time.
Heat Endurance
The time of thermal aging that a material can withstand before failing specified tests.
I
IEC
Abbreviation for International Electrotechnical Commission.
IEC 60331
Horizontal flame test.
IEC 60332-1,-2,-3
Vertical flame tests (with high power and temperature than the horizontal).
IEEE
Abbreviation for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IEEE 60383
Vertical flame test similar to IEC 60332-3.
IM / PIM (Passive Intermodulation)
The generation of new (and in the case of cable assemblies undesirable) signals (intermodulation products) at the non-linear characteristics of transmission elements.
Impedance (characteristic, Z0)
Characteristic property of a transmission line describing the ratio between electric and magnetic fields. For coaxial cables, the characteristic impedance is basically given by the permittivity of the dielectric and the dimensions of the conductors:
Insulation Resistance
The resistance between the conductors of a cable for a given cable length.
Irradiation
Crosslinking of material with high energy radiation. In suitable materials, irradiation causes cross links between the molecules leading to improved mechanical stability with temperature.
ISO
Abbreviation for International Standards Organization.
L
LAN
Abbreviation for Local Area Network. A data communications network confined to a limited geographic area (up to 6 miles or about 10 kilometers).
LM (Low Migratory, see PVC 2 (LM)
See PVC 2 (LM).
Low Noise Cable
Cable specially constructed to avoid spurious electrical disturbances caused by mechanical movements.
LSFH
Abbreviation for Low Smoke free of Halogen.
M
MCX (MICROAX)
Micro-miniature coaxial connector with snap-on coupling mechanism. Available in 50Ω and 75Ω versions. Frequency range DC - 6 GHz.
MHV H4 (Miniature High Voltage)
Coaxial connector with bayonet coupling mechanism. Working voltage 2.2 kV DC.
Migration of Plasticizer
Loss of plasticizer from an elastomeric plastic compound with subsequent absorption to an adjacent medium of lower plasticizer concentration
MIL
Abbreviation for military.
Mil
One-thousandth of an inch.
MMBX
50Ω-Microminiatur-Board Connector for applications up to 6 GHz.
MMCX
50Ω-Microminiatur Connector Snap-Lock" for applications up to 6 GHz.
N
N (Navy Connector)
Coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism. Available in 50 Ohm and 75 Ohm versions. Frequency range DC - 18 GHz (50 Ohm) and 1 GHz (75 Ohm), respectively.
Neper
Natural logarithm of a voltage ratio. Conversion: 
Noise
Random electrical signals, generated by circuit components or by natural disturbances.
Non-Contaminating Polyvinylchloride
A polyvinylchloride which has been compounded with an inorganic plasticizer to prevent contamination of a polyethylene dielectric.
P
PA (Polyamide)
A resin used primarily as a jacket material having superior abrasion resistance, resistance to aliphatic solvents, but relatively high moisture absorption. Temperature -40° to 80°C. Is inflammable.
PE (Polyethylene)
A resin compounded with various additives for use as an insulation, dielectric or jacket material. This material is light, tough, permanently flexible, has good resistance to chemicals, non-oxidizing acids and aromatic solvents, a low moisture absorption, and good tensile and tear strength. Temperature range -40°to 85°C. In addition, it has a low dielectric constant and dissipation factor.
PEX (Polyethylene crosslinked)
Temperature range -40 °C to +100 °C
PEEK (Polyetheretherketone)
The thermally most stable and chemically resistant carbonaceous compound. It is unaffected by sunlight, moisture and virtually all chemicals. Electrical performans nearly like PTFE. Temperature range -180 °C to +250 °C. Radiation resistant!
Permittivity Relative
Synonym term for relative dielectric constant r.
PETE (Polyethylene Terephthalate, HytrelR, DuPont)
Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomer is the ideal material for RF cable jackets requiring excellent flex fatigue, resistance to tearing, creep and abrasion resistance at a range of temperatures and difficult chemical conditions.
PETP (Polyester Foil)
PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy)
Perfluoroalkoxy resins combine the processing ease of conventional thermoplastics with properties similar to PTFE.
Phase
A particular stage or point of advancement in an electrical cycle. The fractional part of the period through which the time has advanced, measured from some arbitrary point. Usually expressed in electrical degrees where 360 degrees represent one cycle.
Phase Shift
Change in phase of a voltage or current after passing through a circuit or cable.
Phase Stability
Variation of the electrical length of a cable as a function of - for example -the temperature or mechanical stressing such as bending or torsion. Formulation, refer also to Attenuation Stability.
PI (Polyimide, KaptonR, DuPont)
Properties of PI are its solvent resistance, barrier properties and performance at both high and low temperature extremes (-269 °C up to +350 °C). Extremely low flamability (UL 94 V-0). PI is very resistant to radiation.
Plasticizer
Chemical agent added to plastics to make them softer and more flexible.
Plenum Cable
A cable having adequate fire resistance and low smoke producing characteristics for installation without conduit in ducts, plenums, and other spaces used for environmental air, as permitted by NEC Articles 725-2(b) and 800-3(b).
Power Handling Capacity
Average power which a cable can handle without exceeding its maximum operating temperature.
PP (Polypropylene)
A polymer similar to PE, but stiffer and harder and not usable at temperatures <~-10°C.
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
The thermally most stable and chemically most resistant carbonaceous compound. It is unaffected by sunlight, moisture, and virtually all chemicals. Temperature range is -200°C to +260°C. Electrical properties are very constant over temperature and a wide range of frequencies.
PUR (Polyurethane)
Thermoplastic polymer used for cables as an extruded jacket. Exhibits extreme toughness and abrasion resistance..
PVC (Polyvinylchloride)
Plasticized vinyl resin used as an insulation or jacket material which exhibits the property of high electrical resistivity, good dielectric strength, excellent mechanical toughness, superior resistance against oxygen, ozone, most common acids, alkalies and chemicals. Flame-resistance, oil-resistance and the temperature range (-25° to +85°C) are depending on the compound. We only use leadfree PVC.
PVC 2 (LM)
Nonmigration PVC(nQ<3.3) for excellent useful product lifetime (and MIL applications). We only use leadfree PVC. Temperature range: -25 °C to +85 °C.
PVC (UL)
Flame retardant PVC, temperature range: -25°C to +105°C.
Q
QLA
50Ω subminiature connector with quick latch coupling mechanism for applications up to 1.4 GHz.
QMA
50Ω subminiature connector with QUICK-LOCK coupling mechanism for applications up to 18 GHz.
QN
50Ω subminiature connector with QUICK-LOCK coupling mechanism for applications up to 11 GHz.
R
RADOX® 125
Trademark of HUBER+SUHNER for crosslinked, flame retardant, heat resistant and halogenfree insulation and jacket materials.
Reflection
See VSWR.
RG
Radio Grade. Terms that originate with the military. Very old and well known MIL-C-17 standard design.
RL
Return loss is a number that indicates the amount of signal that is reflected back into the input of a RF signal path (p.e. possible little cable impedance discontinuities, connectors, terminating equipment). It is generally specified in dB and larger values are better as they indicate less reflection. Ideally, there would be no reflection and return loss would have a value of infinity. Generally, values of 25 dB to 34 dB to are considered well acceptable for a cable assembly to 6 GHz (34 dB indicates that only 2 % of the signal is reflected, VSWR 1.04).
RoHS
Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances.
S
Screening Effectiveness
Ratio of the power fed into a coaxial cable to the power transmitted by the cable through the outer conductor (refer also to section M").
Self-Extinguishing
The ability of a material to extinguish its own flame after the heating flame is removed.
Shield
A conducting housing or screen that substantially reduces the effect of electric or magnetic fields on one side thereof, upon devices or circuits on the other side. Cable shields may be solid, braided, or taped (longitudinally or spirally).
SHV (Safe High Voltage)
Coaxial connector with bayonet coupling mechanism. Working voltage 5 kV DC.
Skin Effect
The phenomenon wherein the depth of penetration of electric currents into a conductor decreases as the frequency of the current increases e.g. only the wire surface of 1.5µm thickness is useable at 1GHz.
SMA (Subminiature A)
50Ω - Subminiature coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism. Frequency range DC - 18 GHz.
SMB (Subminiature B)
Subminiature coaxial connector with snap-on coupling mechanism. Frequency range DC - 4 GHz.
SMC (Subminiature C)
Subminiature coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism. Frequency range DC - 10 GHz.
SMPX
Microminiature precision connector for applications up to 40 GHz.
SMS
Subminiature coaxial connector with slide-on coupling mechanism. Frequency range DC - 4 GHz.
SPE (Polyethylene)
Polyethylene with homogeniously distributed individual gas cells included (foam). Used primarily as a dielectric material and has an extremely low dielectric constant and power factor. Limited to operation below +85 °C.
SPEX (Polyethylene crosslinked)
Temperature range: -40 °C to +105 °C.
SSMA (Sub-Subminiature A)
Sub-Subminiature coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism. Frequency range DC - 40 GHz.
Stranded Conductor
A conductor composed of several wires or a group of wires. The members of a stranded conductor are usually twisted or bunched together.
T
Tensile Strength
Normally refers to the ultimate tensile strength, which is the breaking strength per square inch of cross-sectional area of the material tested.
Thermoplastic
A classification of resin that can be readily softened and resoftened by repeated heating.
TNC (Threaded Navy Connector)
Coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism. Available in 50 Ohm and 75 Ohm versions. Frequency range DC - 11 GHz (50 Ohm) and DC - 1 GHz (75 Ohm), respectively.
Transfer Impedance
Ratio of a longitudinal voltage on the disturbed side of a cable screen to the interference current on the disturbing side, relative to the length (refer also to section M").
Triaxial Cable
A cable consisting of one centre conductor and two outer concentric conductors (with an insulating layer separating them). Notable for increased shielding efficiency.
Twinaxial Cable
Two conductors that are insulated from one another, twisted together and surrounded by a common shield.
U
UHF
Coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism. Non-defined impedance. Frequency range DC - 200 MHz.
UL
Abbreviation for Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,an American Standards Institution.
Unidirectional Stranding
A term denoting that in a stranded conductor all layers have the same direction of lay.
Unilay
See Unidirectional Stranding.
V
Velocity of Signal Propagation (vR)
Applied to coaxial cables, it indicates the propagation speed of an electrical signal within the cable.
Voltage Rating
The voltage that may be continuously applied to the cable.
Voltage Withstand
See Breakdown Voltage.
VSWR
Abbreviation for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. The ratio of the maximum to minimum voltage set up along a transmission by reflections.
W
WEEE
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment.
EMP & Lightning protection
A
Ampere
Unit of electrical current
AC
Alternating Current – refers to power supply applications with frequencies of e.g. 50 or 60 Hz normally.
AMPS
Advanced Mobile Phone Service – US analogue mobile phone standard
ANSI
American National Standards Institute Co-ordinator of US voluntary national standards and US representative within ISO and IEC
Arc Voltage
Increasing current drives the gas discharge tube (GDT) into the arc state. The resulting voltage across the GDT is the arc voltage (UARC).
ASR
Airport Surveillance Radar
Attenuation (α)
The decrease of a signal with the distance in the direction of propagation. Attenuation may be expressed as the scalar ratio of the input power to the output power, or as the ratio of the input signal voltage to the output signal voltage.
AWG
American Wire Gauge. US standard for wire sizes
B
Bandwidth
The range of frequencies for which performance falls within specified limits
BeiDou
Chinese Navigation Satellite System – operation frequencies – 1207.14, 12568.52 and 1561.1 MHz
BLIDS
Lightning information service provided by Siemens
BNC (Bayonet Navy Connector)
Coaxial connector interface definition, miniature size
Body
Central part and housing of coaxial components or devices, as e.g. coaxial lightning protectors
Bonding
All measures for a proper potential equalization
Bonding Bar
Potential equalization facility – part of the LPS
BS
British Standards Institute
Bulkhead
A term used to define a mounting style of connectors. Bulkhead connectors are designed to be inserted into a panel cutout from the rear (device side) or front side of the panel.
BSC
Base Station Controller
BTS
Base Transceiver Station – main part of cellular mobile communications networks, radio transceiver for communications with mobile phones
BWA
Broadband Wireless Access
C
C – Coulomb
Unit of electrical charge (1 C = 1 As)
C (connector)
Coaxial connector interface definition, standard size
Capacitance
The property of an electrical conductor (dielectric in a capacitor) that permits the storage of energy as a result of electrical displacement. The basic unit of capacitance is the Farad, however, measurement is more commonly in microfarads or picofarads.
CATV
Common Antenna Television – cable television
CCIR
Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access – spread spectrum technology for digital mobile communications
Centre frequency
Mid-band frequency of a band-pass RF device, as e.g. quarter-wave protectors
CEPT
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration
Cloud-earth lightning
Lightning between cloud and earth (in the standard case from the negatively charged cloud to the positively charged earth)
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations (USA)
CIGRE
Conférence Internationale des Grands Réseaux Electriques à haute tension (International Conference on Large High Voltage)
Coaxial Cable (Line)
For transmission of RF/microwave signals in the TEM mode
Combiner
RF circuit for the summation of several carriers within a defined frequency range
Conductivity
A measure of the ability of a material to conduct electric current under a given electric field. Resistivity is the reciprocal of conductivity.
CT
Cordless Telephone
Current-handling capability
Surge pulse current down-conducting capacity of a protector
Cut-off Frequency
Upper frequency limit of a coaxial device
CWG
Combination Wave Generator (surge pulse test generator 1.2/50; 8/20 μs according to IEC 61000-4-5)
CW
Continuous Wave
CW power
Continuous RF power
D
DAB
Digital Audio Broadcast
DASR
Digital Airport Surveillance Radar
dB – Decibel
Relative, dimensionless unit – 10 times the logarithm to the base ten of a power ratio or 20 times the logarithm to the base ten of a voltage ratio
dBm
Absolute level of signal power with the reference 0 dBm being equal to 1 milliwatt
dBc (Carrier)
Ratio of signal power to total carrier power
DC
Direct current – a steady current in one direction
DC Throughput
DC can be carried
DC Injection
Component featuring an DC input/output
DCS 1800
Digital Cellular System (1710 to 1880 MHz, GSM protocol)
DECT
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (1880 to 1900 MHz, previously «Digital European Cordless Telephony»).
Dielectric Withstanding Voltage
The maximum potential gradient that a dielectric material can withstand without failure
DIN (Deutsche Industrienorm)
German Industry Standard
DIN 1.6/5.6
Coaxial connector interface definition, standard size (outer diameter of inner conductor 1.6 mm, inner diameter of outer conductor 5.6 mm)
DIN 7/16
Coaxial connector interface definition, large size (outer diameter of inner conductor 7 mm, inner diameter of outer conductor 16 mm)
Diplexer
RF circuit for the combination of several carriers into one transmission line
Direct Stroke
Direct lightning hit into a structure or equipment
DLP
Data Line Protector
DME
Distance Measuring System (DME, TACAN, SSR, MIDS, GNSS)
DO-160
Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment
DQPSK
Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Duplexer
RF circuit for simultaneous combination and splitting of several carriers for receive and transmit on one transmission line
DUT
Device Under Test
Dynamic Spark-over Voltage
Voltage which ignites the gas discharge tube in the case of a voltage rise of 1 kV/μs (UZdyn)
E
E1
Early time of the HEMP
E2
Intermediate time HEMP
E3
Late time HEMP (also known as MHDEMP)
EAMPS
Extended Advanced Mobile Phone Service
E-GSM
Enhanced Global System for Mobil Communications
EMI – Electromagnetic Interference
Resistive, magnetic field and electric field coupling effects caused by surge pulses in general
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMP
Electromagnetic Pulse
EM-Terrorism
Terrorism acted by EMI-producing devices
EN
European Standard
ERC
European Radiocommunications Committee (of CEPT – European radio spectrum management)
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
ERMES
European Radio Messaging System
ETACS
Extended Total Access Communications System
ETSI
European Telecommunication Standards Institute
Exo-NEMP
Exo-atmospheric Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse
Endo-NEMP
Endo-atmospheric Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse
F
F
Coaxial connector interface definition, miniature size
Faraday Cage
Electric field screen for effective attenuation of electric and electromagnetic fields
FCC
Federal Communications Commission (USA)
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access
FDR
Frequency Domain Reflectometry
Feed-through
Preferred HUBER+SUHNER® protector design enabling bulkhead installation and thus a consequent establishment of protection zones according to IEC 61312-1
FPLMTS
Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System (1885–2025 MHz and 2110–2200 MHz, according to resolution 716 of WRC–95) removal term IMT-2000
FSK
Frequency Shift Keying. Basic digital signal modulation principle
FTTA
Fibre-to-the-antenna
G
Galileo
European Satellite Navigation System – operation frequencies 1176,45, 1207,14 and 1575,42 MHz
GDT
Gas Discharge Tube (gas capsule)
GFD Map
Ground Flash Density Map – showing no. of lightning hits per square mile or square km
Gigahertz (GHz)
One billion cycles per second (109 cps)
GLC
Ground Loop Coupling
Glonass
Globalnaya Navigationsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema is a Russian Aerospace Defense Force operated satellite-based navigation system – operatin frequencies – 1204.7, 1246 and 1602 MHz.
Glow discharge voltage
Residual voltage across the gas discharge tube (GDT) when the discharge current operates the GDT in the glow state – typically at 10 mA (UB)
GMSK
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying. Digital signal modulation principle
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou)
GPS
Global Positioning System (US military-operated positioning system – operation frequencies 1176.45, 1227.60 and 1575.42 MHz)
Grounding
All measures to lead a lightning current properly to earth (preferential system of earth termination for charge equalization)
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications (previously «Groupe Spéciale Mobile»)
GSM-R
Global System for mobile communications for railway networks (GSM-F)
H
HEMP
High attitude Electromagnetic Pulse (EMI caused by nuclear explosion)
Hertz (Hz)
International standard unit for cycles per second
HIPERLAN
Wireless LAN for mobile computing and multi-media applications
I
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (USA)
IFF
Identify Friend or Foe
IL – Insertion Loss
The loss in load power due to the insertion of a device, connector or device at some point in a transmissions system. Generally expressed in decibels as the ratio of the power received at the load before insertion of the apparatus, to the power received at the load after insertion.
ILS
Instrument Landing System
IM/PIM (Passive Intermodulation)
Non-linear characteristics of RF devices cause undesirablesignals by modulation effects in the case of several carriers being transmitted
Impedance (characteristic, Z0)
Nominal impedance of an RF device
Impulse discharge current (IS)
Peak value of a defined current pulse which is allowed to be applied at least ten times at intervals of 30 seconds without causing any significant changes of the spark-over voltage specification. Values are given for a current pulse shape defi-nition of 8/20 μs (T1/T2: T1 – front time, T2 – time to half value)
IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (1885 to 2025 MHz and 2110 to 2200 MHz according to resolution 716 of WRC-95) – also FPLMTS
Inductance
The property of a circuit or circuit element that opposes a change in current flow, thus causing current changes to lag behind voltage changes. It is measured in Henrys.
Interface
The two surfaces on the contact side of both halves of a multiple-contact connector which face each other when the connector is assembled.
Intermodulation
Refer to IM/PIM
ISM
Industrial, Scientific, Medical
ISO
International Standardisation Organisation
Isokeraunic Level Map
Map showing lines of equal no. of thunderstorm days per year (isobronts), sometimes written «isoceraunic»
ITU
International Telecommunications Union (Headquarters Geneva/Switzerland)
J
JCT
Japanese Cordless Telephone
Joule
Unit of energy (1 J = 1 Ws = 1 Nm)
JTACS
Japanese Total Access Communication System
L
LAN
Local Area Network
LEMP
Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse
LPS
Lightning Protection System
LPZ
Lightning Protection Zone
LTE – Long Term Evolution
LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) which will be introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8. Much of 3GPP Release 8 will focus on adopting 4G mobile communications technology. Frequency band allocations are defined by 3GPP.
M
MHDEMP
Magnetohydrodynamic EMP
Maximum pulse current
Peak value of a defined single current pulse which can be conducted to ground without mechanical destruction or restriction of the protection function. For pulse shape refer to IS (ISG).
MCX (MICROAX)
Coaxial connector interface definition, subminiature size
MIDS
Multi Functional Information Distribution System
MIL-STD
Military standard (USA)
MLS
Microwave Landing System
MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
MSK
Minimum Shift Keying. Basic digital signal modulation principle
MSS
Mobile Satellite Service
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures
N
N (Navy Connector)
Coaxial connector interface definition, standard size
NEMP
Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse (EMI caused by nuclear explosions)
NEMP Protectors
Protectors designed for the very fast NEMPs for coaxial and twin-axial transmission line applications.
NEX10
Miniature Low PIM RF coaxial connector
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association. (USA – general standards for lightning protection)
NMT
Nordic Mobile Phone (Europe)
NTIA
National Telecommunications and Information Administration. (USA – radio spectrum management)
P
Passive Intermodulation
Refer to IM/PIM
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
PCN
Personal Communication Network (Europe)
PCS
Personal Communication Systems (North America)
PCS 1900
North American digital mobile communications standard
PDC
Personal Digital Communications
PEP
Peak Envelope RF Power
PIP
Peak Instananeous Power
PIM
Passive Intermodulation
PHS
Personal Handyphone System (Japan
Planar antenna
Special flat antenna design, suitable for wall integration
Plating
Special metal surface layer of metal component parts, deposited galvanically or chemically – for improvement of electrical contact and environmental performance.
PMR
Professional/Private Mobile Radio
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service
PSK
Phase Shift Keying. Basic digital signal modulation principle
PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylene)
High-grade isolation material of electronics, unaffected by sunlight, moisture (not wettable) and virtually all chemicals.
PTTA
Power-to-the-antenna
PTM
Point-to-Multipoint
PTP
Point-to-Point
Q
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. Basic digital signal modulation principle
QLA
Coaxial connector interface definition, subminiature size
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. Digital signal modulation principle
R
Radio transceiver
Radio station for simultaneous transmit and receive operation, e.g. BTS
Reflection
See VSWR and RL – return loss
Residual pulse (voltage and energy)
Output pulse of a protector in the case of any EMI, characterized by its voltage amplitude and energy
RET
Remote Electrical Tilt unit (antenna drive unit)
RF
Radio Frequency
RFI
Radio Frequency Interference
R-GSM
Railway GSM
Rise Time
Pulse front steepness specification, time period between 10 % and 90 % of amplitude
RL – Return Loss
Part of signal which is lost due to reflection of power at a line discontinuity or mismatched RF device
RLL
Radio in the Local Loop (also WLL)
rms (root mean square)
Characteristics of a sine-wave signal, effective value – important for power calculations
RTCA
Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
Rx
Receive (path)
S
Screening Effectiveness
Ratio of the power fed into a coaxial cable to the power transmitted by the cable through the outer conductor
Semper
Self-extinguishing gas discharge tube protector
Shielding/Screening
Measures to reduce the effects of electromagnetic fields on electronic circuits (attenuation of the electric and magnetic field)
SMA (Subminiature A)
Coaxial connector interface definition, subminiature size
SMS
Short Message Service
SPD
Surge Protection Device
Specific energy (action integral)
Characteristics of a surge current pulse, formula
W/R = ∫ i2L · dt (unit MJ/W or kA2s)
SSR
Secondary Surveillance Radar
Static spark-over voltage
Voltage which ignites the gas discharge tube in the case of a voltage rise of less than 100 V/ms (UZstat)
SUCOPLATE®
HUBER+SUHNER® proprietary plating for optimum electrical and environmental performance of RF components, non-magnetic copper, tin, zinc alloy
Surge
Overvoltage in general
Surge Arrestor
Alternative name for surge protector (occasionally also for lightning protector)
Surge suppressor
Alternative name for surge protector (occasionally also for lightning protector)
T
TACS
Total Access Communication System
TACAN
Tactical Air Naviation
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access.
Digital wireless communications modulation principle where every user channel is formed by a fixed time slot.
TDR
Time Domain Reflectometry
TETRA
Terrestrial Trunked Radio
TNC (Threaded Navy Connector)
Coaxial connector interface definition, miniature size
Total Charge
Characteristics of a surge current pulse, formula Q = ∫ iL · dt (unit As or C)
Tx
Transmit (path)
U
UHF (Ultra-High Frequency)
Coaxial connector interface definition, standard size
UL
Underwriters Laboratory
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Third generation mobile communication system being developed in Europe (European version of IMT-2000/ FPLMTS considered to be compatible)
V
Volt
Unit of electrical voltage
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio – ratio of Umax/Umin on a RF transmission line
W
Wave Guide
Line for transmission of RF/microwave signals in the TM mode – hollow tube design
W–CDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WiMAX
Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
WLL
Wireless Local Loop (refer also to RLL)
WRC
World Radio Conference
